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Temporary amnesia marijuana12/8/2023 ![]() According to small studies, venlafaxine can worsen the CWS, whereas other antidepressants, atomoxetine, lithium, buspirone, and divalproex had no relevant effect. Mirtazapine can be beneficial to treat CWS insomnia. There are promising results with gabapentin and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol analogs in the treatment of CWS. Comorbidity with mental or somatic disorders, severe CUD, and low social functioning may require an inpatient treatment (preferably qualified detox) and post-acute rehabilitation. Women reported a stronger CWS than men including physical symptoms, such as nausea and stomach pain. Therefore, naturalistic severity of CWS highly varies. The CWS severity is dependent on the amount of cannabis used pre-cessation, gender, and heritable and several environmental factors. This starts to reverse within the first 2 days of abstinence and the receptors return to normal functioning within 4 weeks of abstinence, which could constitute a neurobiological time frame for the duration of CWS, not taking into account cellular and synaptic long-term neuroplasticity elicited by long-term cannabis use before cessation, for example, being possibly responsible for cannabis craving. Regular cannabis intake is related to a desensitization and downregulation of human brain cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors. Several lines of evidence from animal and human studies indicate that cessation from long-term and regular cannabis use precipitates a specific withdrawal syndrome with mainly mood and behavioral symptoms of light to moderate intensity, which can usually be treated in an outpatient setting. ![]() The cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) is a criterion of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition) and cannabis dependence (International Classification of Diseases -10).
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